Reviewed by USGS49y ago
M4.5 earthquake south of Tonga
Monday, November 14, 1977, 13:23:00 UTC · 25.746°S, 174.695°W
A magnitude 4.5 earthquake struck south of Tonga on Monday, November 14, 1977, 13:23:00 UTC, at a depth of 33.0 km (shallow). It is the strongest earthquake within 300 km since an M5.3 on October 30, 1977.
- Magnitude
- 4.5
- Light · mb
- Depth
- 33 km
- Shallow
- Felt reports
- 0
- Did You Feel It?
- Est. shaking
- —
- No ShakeMap
- PAGER alert
- None
- Not issued
- Tsunami
- No flag
- USGS feed
Outlined circle: this earthquakeDashed circle: 50 km aftershock search area
In context
How big was it, and why here?
Energy released
85 tons of TNT
That is about 1/178 of the Hiroshima bomb. A magnitude 5.0 releases about 6 times more energy.
Tectonic setting
67 km
from the nearest mapped plate boundary, between the Kermadec and Pacific plates. Earthquakes cluster along boundaries like this one, where plates collide, pull apart or slide past each other.
Depth: shallow
33 km
Shallow earthquakes (under 70 km) produce the strongest surface shaking for their size, so they are the ones most likely to cause damage near the epicenter.
Did You Feel It?
Where it was felt
No “Did You Feel It?” reports have been published for this event yet. If you felt it, you can add your report on the USGS website.
I felt it — report to USGS ↗USGS PAGER estimate
Who was exposed to shaking
USGS publishes PAGER impact estimates for significant earthquakes, usually within an hour. No PAGER estimate is available for this event.
After the main event
Aftershocks within 50 km
USGS lists 2 M2.5+ earthquakes within 50 km in the following 30 days; the largest was M4.9 on November 14, 1977. Most nearby activity right after a large earthquake is aftershocks, which usually become less frequent over days and weeks.
Regional history
Past M5+ earthquakes within 300 km
USGS lists 156 M5.0+ earthquakes within 300 km before this one (catalog from 1900; older records are less complete). The strongest:
- 7.8south of TongaOctober 11, 1975 · 104 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.6south of the Fiji IslandsDecember 18, 1963 · 243 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.4south of TongaMarch 18, 1905 · 202 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.3south of the Fiji IslandsJanuary 20, 1970 · 254 km W of this epicenter
- 7.2south of the Fiji IslandsNovember 24, 1960 · 196 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.2south of TongaOctober 10, 1977 · 72 km W of this epicenter
- 7.0south of TongaJanuary 10, 1956 · 94 km SW of this epicenter
- 6.8south of TongaApril 19, 1905 · 160 km SE of this epicenter
History · NOAA
Deadliest earthquakes in this area
NOAA’s significant-earthquake database lists 6 damaging, deadly or tsunami-generating earthquakes within 300 km of this epicenter since 1700. The most severe:
- 1955M7.8
Kermadec Islands
27 Feb 1955 · 263 km away
- 1975M7.8
S Of Tonga
11 Oct 1975 · 104 km away
- 1905M7.5
Kermadec Islands
18 Mar 1905 · 258 km away
- 1963M7.5
Tonga Trench
18 Dec 1963 · 219 km away
tsunami
- 1977M7.2
Tonga Trench
10 Oct 1977 · 72 km away
tsunami
- 1956M7.0
Tonga Islands
10 Jan 1956 · 61 km away
NOAA NCEI Global Significant Earthquake Database. Historical figures are estimates; older records are incomplete.