Reviewed by USGSTonga29y ago
M3.1 earthquake 195 km WSW of Haveluloto, Tonga
Wednesday, December 3, 1997, 14:34:50 UTC · 21.766°S, 176.980°W
A magnitude 3.1 earthquake struck 195 km WSW of Haveluloto, Tonga on Wednesday, December 3, 1997, 14:34:50 UTC, at a depth of 200.0 km (intermediate).
- Magnitude
- 3.1
- Minor · mb
- Depth
- 200 km
- Intermediate
- Felt reports
- 0
- Did You Feel It?
- Est. shaking
- —
- No ShakeMap
- PAGER alert
- None
- Not issued
- Tsunami
- No flag
- USGS feed
Outlined circle: this earthquakeDashed circle: 50 km aftershock search area
In context
How big was it, and why here?
Energy released
674 kg of TNT
That is about 1/22,353 of the Hiroshima bomb. A magnitude 5.0 releases about 708 times more energy.
Tectonic setting
46 km
from the nearest mapped plate boundary, between the Tonga and Australian plates. Earthquakes cluster along boundaries like this one, where plates collide, pull apart or slide past each other.
Depth: intermediate
200 km
Intermediate-depth earthquakes usually break inside a plate that is sinking into the mantle. Shaking spreads over a wide area but is gentler at the epicenter than a shallow quake of the same size.
Did You Feel It?
Where it was felt
No “Did You Feel It?” reports have been published for this event yet. If you felt it, you can add your report on the USGS website.
I felt it — report to USGS ↗USGS PAGER estimate
Who was exposed to shaking
USGS publishes PAGER impact estimates for significant earthquakes, usually within an hour. No PAGER estimate is available for this event.
After the main event
Aftershocks within 50 km
USGS lists 3 M2.5+ earthquakes within 50 km in the following 30 days; the largest was M4.9 on December 8, 1997. Most nearby activity right after a large earthquake is aftershocks, which usually become less frequent over days and weeks.
Regional history
Past M5+ earthquakes within 300 km
USGS lists 1,341 M5.0+ earthquakes within 300 km before this one (catalog from 1900; older records are less complete). The strongest:
- 8.0TongaJanuary 4, 1903 · 284 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.8159 km W of Pangai, TongaDecember 14, 1950 · 256 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.8Fiji regionJanuary 1, 1919 · 295 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.8192 km WSW of Haveluloto, TongaOctober 14, 1997 · 43 km SE of this epicenter
- 7.5262 km WNW of Haveluloto, TongaMay 21, 1962 · 193 km N of this epicenter
- 7.4Fiji regionSeptember 28, 1957 · 197 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.4Fiji regionAugust 5, 1996 · 183 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.3227 km WNW of Haveluloto, TongaApril 16, 1937 · 135 km N of this epicenter
History · NOAA
Deadliest earthquakes in this area
NOAA’s significant-earthquake database lists 10 damaging, deadly or tsunami-generating earthquakes within 300 km of this epicenter since 1700, which together caused about 1 recorded deaths. The most severe:
- 1977M7.2
Tonga Trench
22 Jun 1977 · 166 km away · intensity IV
1 death$1 million damagetsunami
- 1937M8.1
Fiji Islands
16 Apr 1937 · 30 km away
- 1903M8.0
Tonga Islands
4 Jan 1903 · 284 km away
- 1919M7.8
Fiji Islands
1 Jan 1919 · 295 km away
tsunami
- 1950M7.7
Tonga Islands
14 Dec 1950 · 272 km away · intensity VI
- 1982M7.7
Tonga Trench
19 Dec 1982 · 287 km away
tsunami
NOAA NCEI Global Significant Earthquake Database. Historical figures are estimates; older records are incomplete.