M2.9 earthquake 30 km ENE of Machalí, Chile

Wednesday, December 23, 1998, 05:31:39 UTC · 34.055°S, 70.359°W

A magnitude 2.9 earthquake struck 30 km ENE of Machalí, Chile on Wednesday, December 23, 1998, 05:31:39 UTC, at a depth of 7.4 km (shallow).

Magnitude: 2.9; Minor · md
Depth: 7 km; Shallow
Felt reports: 0; Did You Feel It?
Est. shaking: —; No ShakeMap
PAGER alert: None; Not issued
Tsunami: No flag; USGS feed

Outlined circle: this earthquakeDashed circle: 50 km aftershock search area

In context

How big was it, and why here?

Energy released

338 kg of TNT

That is about 1/44,601 of the Hiroshima bomb. A magnitude 5.0 releases about 1,413 times more energy.

Tectonic setting

239 km

from the nearest mapped plate boundary, between the Nazca and South American plates. Earthquakes this far from a boundary happen on faults inside a plate, often less frequently but sometimes strongly.

Depth: shallow

7 km

Shallow earthquakes (under 70 km) produce the strongest surface shaking for their size, so they are the ones most likely to cause damage near the epicenter.

Did You Feel It?

Where it was felt

No “Did You Feel It?” reports have been published for this event yet. If you felt it, you can add your report on the USGS website.

I felt it — report to USGS ↗

USGS PAGER estimate

Who was exposed to shaking

USGS publishes PAGER impact estimates for significant earthquakes, usually within an hour. No PAGER estimate is available for this event.

After the main event

Aftershocks within 50 km

USGS lists 18 M2.5+ earthquakes within 50 km in the following 30 days; the largest was M3.8 on January 16, 1999. Most nearby activity right after a large earthquake is aftershocks, which usually become less frequent over days and weeks.

Time after the mainshock on a logarithmic scale (first hours stretched), magnitude on the vertical axis. M2.5+ events from USGS.

Regional history

Past M5+ earthquakes within 300 km

USGS lists 350 M5.0+ earthquakes within 300 km before this one (catalog from 1900; older records are less complete). The strongest:

History · NOAA

Deadliest earthquakes in this area

NOAA’s significant-earthquake database lists 42 damaging, deadly or tsunami-generating earthquakes within 300 km of this epicenter since 1700, which together caused about 49,472 recorded deaths. The most severe:

1939M8.3
Chillan
25 Jan 1939 · 299 km away · intensity X
30,000 deaths$920 million damagetsunami
1861
Mendoza, San Luiz
20 Mar 1861 · 201 km away · intensity IX
14,000 deathsExtreme damage ($25M+)tsunami
1906M8.2
South Central
17 Aug 1906 · 192 km away · intensity XI
4,000 deaths$100 million damagetsunami
1965M7.3
Central
28 Mar 1965 · 200 km away
400 deaths$125 million damage
1920M6.7
Mendoza
17 Dec 1920 · 300 km away · intensity VIII
400 deathsSevere damage ($5–24M)
1928M7.6
Talca, Chillan, Santiago, San Fernando
1 Dec 1928 · 183 km away · intensity IX
279 deathsSevere damage ($5–24M)tsunami

NOAA NCEI Global Significant Earthquake Database. Historical figures are estimates; older records are incomplete.

Nearby trackers