Reviewed by USGSIndonesia28y ago
M4.2 earthquake 234 km ESE of Luwuk, Indonesia
Monday, December 28, 1998, 02:01:20 UTC · 1.815°S, 124.715°E
A magnitude 4.2 earthquake struck 234 km ESE of Luwuk, Indonesia on Monday, December 28, 1998, 02:01:20 UTC, at a depth of 33.0 km (shallow).
- Magnitude
- 4.2
- Light · mb
- Depth
- 33 km
- Shallow
- Felt reports
- 0
- Did You Feel It?
- Est. shaking
- —
- No ShakeMap
- PAGER alert
- None
- Not issued
- Tsunami
- No flag
- USGS feed
Outlined circle: this earthquakeDashed circle: 50 km aftershock search area
In context
How big was it, and why here?
Energy released
30 tons of TNT
That is about 1/500 of the Hiroshima bomb. A magnitude 5.0 releases about 16 times more energy.
Tectonic setting
163 km
from the nearest mapped plate boundary, between the Molucca Sea and Sunda plates. Earthquakes this far from a boundary happen on faults inside a plate, often less frequently but sometimes strongly.
Depth: shallow
33 km
Shallow earthquakes (under 70 km) produce the strongest surface shaking for their size, so they are the ones most likely to cause damage near the epicenter.
Did You Feel It?
Where it was felt
No “Did You Feel It?” reports have been published for this event yet. If you felt it, you can add your report on the USGS website.
I felt it — report to USGS ↗USGS PAGER estimate
Who was exposed to shaking
USGS publishes PAGER impact estimates for significant earthquakes, usually within an hour. No PAGER estimate is available for this event.
After the main event
Aftershocks within 50 km
USGS lists 1 M2.5+ earthquake within 50 km in the following 30 days; the largest was M4.6 on January 8, 1999. Most nearby activity right after a large earthquake is aftershocks, which usually become less frequent over days and weeks.
Regional history
Past M5+ earthquakes within 300 km
USGS lists 488 M5.0+ earthquakes within 300 km before this one (catalog from 1900; older records are less complete). The strongest:
- 8.21965 Ceram Sea EarthquakeJanuary 24, 1965 · 166 km SE of this epicenter
- 8.11939 Sulawesi EarthquakeDecember 21, 1939 · 293 km NW of this epicenter
- 7.7148 km SE of Tondano, IndonesiaMay 14, 1932 · 277 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.7264 km ESE of Luwuk, IndonesiaNovember 29, 1998 · 35 km SE of this epicenter
- 7.3108 km SE of Tondano, IndonesiaMay 5, 1908 · 273 km N of this epicenter
- 7.1170 km WNW of Ambon, IndonesiaJune 9, 1938 · 270 km SE of this epicenter
- 6.9150 km SE of Tondano, IndonesiaDecember 9, 1993 · 293 km NE of this epicenter
- 6.8Molucca SeaDecember 9, 1993 · 281 km NE of this epicenter
History · NOAA
Deadliest earthquakes in this area
NOAA’s significant-earthquake database lists 7 damaging, deadly or tsunami-generating earthquakes within 300 km of this epicenter since 1700, which together caused about 119 recorded deaths. The most severe:
- 1965M7.6
Sanana Island
24 Jan 1965 · 167 km away
71 deathsModerate damage ($1–5M)tsunami
- 1998M7.7
Mangole, Manado, Taliabu
29 Nov 1998 · 35 km away · intensity VII
41 deaths$200 million damagetsunami
- 1932M7.7
Sulawesi: Kakas,Langowan,Poso,Tondano
14 May 1932 · 277 km away · intensity VII
7 deathsSevere damage ($5–24M)tsunami
- 1939M8.0
Centrtal Sulawesi: Kalo,Luwuk,Sula I
21 Dec 1939 · 278 km away
Moderate damage ($1–5M)tsunami
- 1859M7.3
Sulawesi
29 Jul 1859 · 221 km away
Moderate damage ($1–5M)tsunami
- 1975M6.6
Sanana Island
5 Mar 1975 · 174 km away · intensity VI
Limited damage (under $1M)tsunami
NOAA NCEI Global Significant Earthquake Database. Historical figures are estimates; older records are incomplete.