Reviewed by USGSTonga17y ago
M5.0 earthquake 96 km NNE of Hihifo, Tonga
Wednesday, December 16, 2009, 20:28:01 UTC · 15.139°S, 173.471°W
A magnitude 5.0 earthquake struck 96 km NNE of Hihifo, Tonga on Wednesday, December 16, 2009, 20:28:01 UTC, at a depth of 10.0 km (shallow). It is the strongest earthquake within 300 km since an M5.0 on December 16, 2009.
- Magnitude
- 5.0
- Moderate · mb
- Depth
- 10 km
- Shallow
- Felt reports
- 0
- Did You Feel It?
- Est. shaking
- —
- No ShakeMap
- PAGER alert
- None
- Not issued
- Tsunami
- No flag
- USGS feed
Outlined circle: this earthquakeDashed circle: 75 km aftershock search area
In context
How big was it, and why here?
Energy released
477 tons of TNT
That is about 1/32 of the Hiroshima bomb. Each whole step in magnitude is about 32 times more energy.
Tectonic setting
53 km
from the nearest mapped plate boundary, between the Tonga and Pacific plates. Earthquakes cluster along boundaries like this one, where plates collide, pull apart or slide past each other.
Depth: shallow
10 km
Shallow earthquakes (under 70 km) produce the strongest surface shaking for their size, so they are the ones most likely to cause damage near the epicenter.
Did You Feel It?
Where it was felt
No “Did You Feel It?” reports have been published for this event yet. If you felt it, you can add your report on the USGS website.
I felt it — report to USGS ↗USGS PAGER estimate
Who was exposed to shaking
USGS publishes PAGER impact estimates for significant earthquakes, usually within an hour. No PAGER estimate is available for this event.
After the main event
Aftershocks within 75 km
USGS lists 4 M2.5+ earthquakes within 75 km in the following 30 days; the largest was M5.0 on December 23, 2009. Most nearby activity right after a large earthquake is aftershocks, which usually become less frequent over days and weeks.
Regional history
Past M5+ earthquakes within 300 km
USGS lists 1,353 M5.0+ earthquakes within 300 km before this one (catalog from 1900; older records are less complete). The strongest:
- 8.12009 Samoa EarthquakeSeptember 29, 2009 · 153 km E of this epicenter
- 8.0The 1917 Samoa-Tonga EarthquakeJune 26, 1917 · 27 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.8146 km ESE of Hihifo, TongaDecember 26, 1975 · 165 km SE of this epicenter
- 7.7133 km NE of Hihifo, TongaSeptember 1, 1981 · 46 km NE of this epicenter
- 7.6199 km ESE of Hihifo, TongaApril 2, 1977 · 227 km SE of this epicenter
- 7.488 km NNE of Hihifo, TongaApril 7, 1995 · 9 km SW of this epicenter
- 7.2117 km SSW of Hihifo, TongaJanuary 8, 2000 · 215 km SW of this epicenter
- 7.219 km ENE of Hihifo, TongaOctober 15, 1984 · 82 km S of this epicenter
History · NOAA
Deadliest earthquakes in this area
NOAA’s significant-earthquake database lists 8 damaging, deadly or tsunami-generating earthquakes within 300 km of this epicenter since 1700, which together caused about 194 recorded deaths. The most severe:
- 2009M8.1
Samoa Islands
29 Sep 2009 · 153 km away
192 deaths$285 million damagetsunami
- 1917M8.3
Samoa Islands
26 Jun 1917 · 65 km away
2 deathsModerate damage ($1–5M)tsunami
- 1981M7.7
Apia; American Samoa: Pago Pago
1 Sep 1981 · 46 km away · intensity VI
Limited damage (under $1M)tsunami
- 1977M7.6
Apia
2 Apr 1977 · 227 km away · intensity VI
Limited damage (under $1M)tsunami
- 1975M7.8
Samoa Islands
26 Dec 1975 · 165 km away · intensity V
tsunami
- 1957M7.5
Samoa Islands
14 Apr 1957 · 65 km away
NOAA NCEI Global Significant Earthquake Database. Historical figures are estimates; older records are incomplete.